Layer 2

Layer 2 is an additional graphics feature on the Next. It provides a 256-color screen at the full 256x192 resolution, in which every pixel is individually colored. Layer 2 may appear in place of, behind, or above the ULA-generated screen.

Documentation on Layer 2 is extremely sparse at the moment and could be subject to change. Information below has been taken from emulator documentation.

The layer 2 screen occupies 48k, which is stored in 3 consecutive banks. By default, banks 8-10 are used for the main layer 2 screen and banks 11-13 for the shadow layer 2 screen. These can be changed using Layer 2 RAM Page Register ($12) and Layer 2 RAM Shadow Page Register ($13) are unknown.

Each pixel of layer 2 is assigned 1 byte of video memory. This means layer 2 consumes a total of 48k. Since the Spectrum banks are 16k, Layer 2 is divided vertically into 3 banks of 64 lines each, each of which is exactly 16k.

Layer 2 is controlled via Layer 2 Access Port ($123B / 4667), which is bit mapped as follows:

Bit	Description
6-7	Video RAM bank select
3	Shadow Layer 2 RAM select
1	Layer 2 visible
0	Enable Layer 2 write paging

When bit 0 of $123B is set to 1, the appropriate area of Layer 2 video memory (as set by bits 6-7) is banked into slot 1, ie memory area $0000-$3fff (see Memory map). Be warned, this banks out the ROM! Make sure to disable interrupts or use a custom interrupt handler.

Pixels can then be drawn to layer 2 by writing to the appropriate area of RAM. Layer 2 pixels are in English reading order with no ULA-style interlacing. Since there are 256 pixels per line and the memory port starts at $0000, the upper byte of the address exactly equals the Y coordinate (within the selected third of the screen) and the lower byte exactly equals the X coordinate.

Note that you will need to manually clear the layer 2 screen before drawing on it, as it may contain random data when the machine starts up.

System registers Layer 2 X Offset Register ($16) and Layer 2 Y Offset Register ($17) apply a pixel shift to all content in layer 2, allowing scrolling effects to be created.

It is also possible to write to Layer 2 by using the regular banking ports to switch in one of the Layer 2 banks to slot 4 at $C000. The ability to bank Layer 2 into Slot 1 is provided for convenience and to allow graphics data to also be stored in the extended banks.