Difference between revisions of "NextBASIC"
From SpecNext official Wiki
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| REM comment || Code comment, ignored | | REM comment || Code comment, ignored | ||
− | |||
− | |||
|- | |- | ||
| REPEAT || Begin of loop | | REPEAT || Begin of loop | ||
|- | |- | ||
| REPEAT UNTIL condition || Marks the end of REPEAT loop | | REPEAT UNTIL condition || Marks the end of REPEAT loop | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | RETURN || Restore execution location (line and bank) from gosub stack | ||
|- | |- | ||
| WHILE condition || Condition for staying in lopp | | WHILE condition || Condition for staying in lopp |
Revision as of 08:01, 26 July 2022
NextBASIC is an extended version of the classic Spectrum BASIC which adds extra commands supporting the new features of the NEXT.
? after parameters indicate they are optional. Square brackets [] indicate scope of optional or repeated areas (parentheses are not used for this because they are part of the BASIC language). Bracketed sections in the effects only apply if the optional parameters are specified.
Contents
Basic Interaction Commands
Command | Effect |
---|---|
BANK b LINE x,y | Copies lines x,y into bank b. Once this is done, these lines cannot be edited except by overwriting them with another BANK..LINE command. Cannot be used in a program. |
BANK b LIST x? | Lists source code in bank b (from line x) |
BANK b MERGE | Adds all basic lines in bank b to main program |
CONTINUE | Repeats last command or restarts from error location |
CLEAR x? | Resets variables, clears screen, resets plot cursor (and sets ramtop to X) |
ERASE f, l | Deletes all program lines between f and l. Cannot be used in a program. |
LIST x? | Lists source code (from line x) |
LLIST x? | Lists source code to printer (from line x) |
NEW | Clear stored program |
RUN x? | CLEAR then run program (from line x) |
Control Flow
Command | Effect |
---|---|
BANK b GO TO x | Jump execution to line x stored in bank b. b=-1 for main program |
BANK b GO SUB x | Jump execution to line x stored in bank b, storing current location on gosub stack. b=-1 for main program |
DEF FN func(param[,param..])=expr | Creates a user defined function based on a parameterised expression. Will not work if moved into any bank other than the main program |
DIM a(x[,y]..) | Defines a as an array of length x (and second dimension length y, etc..) |
FOR var = start TO end [STEP step]? | Starts FOR loop between given numeric values (with given step) |
GO TO x | Jump execution to line X in the same bank |
GO SUB x | Jump execution to line X in the same bank, storing current location (and bank) on gosub stack |
IF c THEN statements [ELSE statements] | Run statements only if expression c is true |
LET var = expr | Sets variable var to expr |
LOCAL var | Declares local variable |
NEXT var | Marks end of FOR loop regarding VAR |
REM comment | Code comment, ignored |
REPEAT | Begin of loop |
REPEAT UNTIL condition | Marks the end of REPEAT loop |
RETURN | Restore execution location (line and bank) from gosub stack |
WHILE condition | Condition for staying in lopp |
Console I/O
Command | Effect |
---|---|
COPY | Prints screen |
INKEY$ | Returns currently pressed key |
INPUT specifier [connector specifier].. | Output expression(s) and read a variable |
INVERSE x | Enable or disable switching ink/paper color when printing (x=0 or 1) |
LPRINT specifier [connector specifier].. | Output expression(s) to printer |
OVER x | Enable or disable overprinting (x=0 or 1) |
PAUSE x | Waits x frames or until a key is pressed |
PRINT specifier [connector specifier].. | Output expression(s) |
Possible specifiers for PRINT and INPUT statements are:
Specifier | Effect |
---|---|
var | In PRINT, shows contents of var; in INPUT, inputs into this var |
(var) | Shows contents of var (in both PRINT and INPUT) |
AT x,y | Moves text cursor to the given text cell |
TAB x | Inserts spaces until text cursor is in column x |
INK x, PAPER x | Changes the appropriate color for the duration of the print/input statement |
LINE x$ | INPUT only, reads a string without the prompting quotes |
#x | Selects input/output channel number |
And the connectors between these are:
Specifier | Effect |
---|---|
, | Separate with a tab |
' | Separate with a newline |
; | Use no separator |
File I/O
Command | Effect |
---|---|
CAT | Displays disk/tape catalogue |
FORMAT | Prepares inserted disk for usage, erasing it |
LOAD fn | Load BASIC program from file named fn |
LOAD fn DATA x() | Load data from fn into array x() |
LOAD fn CODE addr | Load data from fn into memory at address addr |
LOAD fn SCREEN$ | Load data from fn onto standard ULA screen |
LOAD fn BANK b,addr | Load data from fn into memory bank b at addr |
LOAD fn LAYER | Load data from fn onto current layer |
MERGE fn | Loads BASIC lines from file named fn and integrates them with current program |
SAVE fn (LINE l)? | Save BASIC program to file named fn (and set up autorun at line l) |
SAVE fn (DATA/CODE/SCREEN$/BANK/LAYER..) | Save data as specified; CODE and BANK have an extra "length" parameter |
VERIFY fn | Checks loaded basic program matches fn |
VERIFY fn (DATA/CODE/BANK) | Checks data in memory/array matches contents of fn; does not work with SCREEN$/LAYER because the screen is inevitably changed during the verify operation |
Inline data
Command | Effect |
---|---|
BANK b RESTORE x | Sets DATA read point to start of line x in bank b |
DATA x[,y].. | Stores data in program for later READing |
READ var | Read next value from DATA statement into variable |
RESTORE x | Sets DATA read point to start of line x |
Graphics
Command | Effect |
---|---|
BORDER n | Set ULA border to color N |
BRIGHT n | Enable or disable bright colors. n must be 0 or 1. Not legal on non-ULA layers or if Enhanced ULA is enabled. |
CIRCLE x,y,r | Draw circle centered at x, y with radius r |
CLS | Clears screen |
DRAW [modifier or x,y].. | Draw line from plot cursor to given coordinate |
FLASH n | Enable or disable ink/paper cycling. n must be 0 or 1. Not legal on non-ULA layers or if Enhanced ULA is enabled. |
INK c | Set ink (foreground) color for print and graphics commands. If Enhanced ULA is enabled, this can use any legal palette value. On Layer 2, it can use any value 0-255. |
LAYER x | Selects active layer for graphics operations. LAYER 0 is an unenhanced ULA screen. LAYER 1 is the ULA screen but with enhancements and with the origin at the top left (not the bottom left). LAYER 2 is, well, Layer 2. |
LAYER 1,x | Sets mode for Layer 1 based on x. 1 = Standard Spectrum, 2 = Timex hires, 3 = Timex hicolour, 0 = Lores layer. |
LAYER 2,x | Selects Layer 2 and determines if it is displayed or not (x must be 0 or 1) |
LAYER AT x, y | Sets the scroll display offset for the current layer. |
LAYER BANK f, b | Only when Layer 2 is selected, selects the first bank for layer 2 (f) and shadow layer 2 (b). Note that a layer 2 screen occupies 3 banks. |
LAYER CLEAR | Resets all layer settings |
LAYER DIM left, top, right, bottom | Sets visible area for current layer |
LAYER ERASE x, y, w, h [,f]? | Fills a region at x,y, of size w,h, with palette index f (or the transparent value) |
LAYER OVER | Sets layer ordering |
LAYER PALETTE x | Choose which of the two palettes is used for the active layer (x must be 0 or 1) |
LAYER PALETTE n, i, v | Sets palette index i in palette in to color value v. V is always 9 bit, even if PALETTE DIM 8 is set. |
LAYER PALETTE n BANK b, offset | Loads current layer's palette n (0 or 1) from bytes starting at offset in bank b. If PALETTE DIM 8 is set, each byte is one color. If PALETTE DIM 9 is set, each color needs two bytes, but only one bit of the second is used. |
PALETTE CLEAR | Resets all palettes and palette settings |
PALETTE DIM x | Sets number of color bits in the active palette; x must be 8 or 9 |
PALETTE FORMAT x | Enables Enhanced ULA colors with x inks. X must be a bitmask which masks off bits on the right of a value (1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127 or 255) |
PALETTE OVER x | Sets the global transparency color to x |
PAPER c | Set paper (background) color for print and graphics commands. Follows the same rules as INK. |
PLOT [modifier or x,y].. | Plot listed points as single pixels on current layer |
POINT x, y, var | Stores the color at point x, y on the ULA screen in variable var |
POINT x, y | Returns the color at point x, y on the ULA screen |
Modifiers for graphics commands can be inline INK, PAPER, INVERSE, and OVER. INVERSE 1 causes drawing to be in the paper color. OVER 1 causes pixels in the line to be flipped.
Sprites
Command | Effect |
---|---|
SPRITE BANK x | Populates all 64 sprite patterns from bank b, taking 256 bytes per sprite and thus using all data in bank b. |
SPRITE BANK b, o, p, n | Define n sprite patterns, starting with p, with data from bank b starting at offset o. |
SPRITE PALETTE x | Choose the first or second palette for sprites. X must be 0 or 1. |
SPRITE PALETTE x BANK b, o | Load sprite palette x (0 or 1) from bank b at offset o. Data is read as with LAYER PALETTE. |
SPRITE PALETTE n, i, v | Set sprite palette n, index i, to color v. V is always 9-bit, even if PALETTE DIM 8 is in effect. |
SPRITE PRINT x | Enable or disable sprites. X must be 0 (disable) or 1 (enable). |
SPRITE BORDER x | Enable or disable sprites crossing the border. X must be 0 (disable) or 1 (enable). |
SPRITE s, x, y, i, f | Set sprite f to image i at position x,y with flags f. f is bitmapped as byte 3 of data packets sent to Sprite Attribute Upload ($xx57 / 87). |
SPRITE CLEAR | Reset all sprite attributes and global settings. |
Tilemap support
Sprites
Command | Effect |
---|---|
TILE [AT x,y]? | Draw the entire screen from the tilemap (from tile offset (x,y)) |
TILE w,h [AT x,y]? [TO x2,y2]? | Draw a section of the tilemap w,h wide (from tile offset x,y in the tilemap) (to tile offset x2,y2 on the screen) |
TILE BANK n | Set bank n as the root of tile graphics (which may occupy up to 4 banks in the case of 16x16 tiles). |
TILE DIM n, o, v, t | Set bank n offset o as the root of tilemap data, with tilemap width v and tile size t (t must be 8 or 16 for 8x8 or 16x16 tiles) |
Memory and Port Access
Command | Effect |
---|---|
BANK 1346 FORMAT | Re-enable RAMdisk having been disabled by previous BANK 1346 USR |
BANK 1346 USR | Disable RAMdisk, allowing banks 1, 3, 4, and 6 to be used |
BANK b COPY TO c | Copy entire bank b to bank c |
BANK b COPY start, len TO c, start | Copy len bytes from start in bank b, to start in bank c |
BANK b ERASE x? | Erase all data in bank by overwriting with zeros (or x) |
BANK b ERASE off, len, value | Overwrite len bytes of data at off in bank b with value |
BANK b PEEK addr | Returns value at given address in bank b (address is from start of bank) |
BANK b POKE addr, value | Sets address in bank b to value (address is from start of bank) |
IN port | Returns current value at port |
PEEK addr | Returns value at given address |
POKE addr, value | Sets address to value |
OUT port, value | Sends value to port |
Functions/Expressions
Command | Effect |
---|---|
+ - * / ^ | Standard arithmetic operators |
= < > <= >= <> | Standard comparison operators (arithmetic for numbers, alphabetic for strings) |
a(x) | Returns x'th element of array/string a |
s(x? TO y?) | Return substring of s; if x or y are omitted, start or end is assumed |
AND OR NOT | Standard boolean conjunctives |
ABS x | Gets unsigned magnitude of x |
ASN x, ACS x, ATN x | Returns inverse trigonometric ratio (arcsin, arccos, arctan) |
ATTR x,y | Returns attribute cell value at cell x,y |
BIN x | Converts binary number x to decimal |
CHR$ x | Gets character for an ASCII code |
CODE x | Gets ASCII code for a character |
INT x | Rounds x down to integer |
LEN x | Gets length of string |
PI | Returns approximation of pi |
RND | Returns a random number between 0 and 1 |
SCREEN$ x,y | Returns text character in text cell x,y |
SIGN x | Divides x by its magnitude |
SIN x, COS x, TAN x | Returns standard trigonometric ratio |
SQR x | Returns square of x |
STR$ x | Converts number into a string |
USR x | If x is a string, gets the address of the first byte of the user defined graphic for the character. If x is a number, runs a machine code routine at address x and returns the value of BC after it exits. |
VAL x | Converts string number or expression into a number |
Basic Tokens
Value (hex) | Token |
---|---|
0x87 | PEEK$ |
0x88 | REG |
0x89 | DPOKE |
0x8a | DPEEK |
0x8b | MOD |
0x8c | << |
0x8d | >> |
0x8e | UNTIL |
0x8f | ERROR |
0x90 | ON |
0x91 | DEFPROC |
0x92 | ENDPROC |
0x93 | PROC |
0x94 | LOCAL |
0x95 | DRIVER |
0x96 | WHILE |
0x97 | REPEAT |
0x98 | ELSE |
0x99 | REMOUNT |
0x9a | BANK |
0x9b | TILE |
0x9c | LAYER |
0x9d | PALETTE |
0x9e | SPRITE |
0x9f | PWD |
0xa0 | CD |
0xa1 | MKDIR |
0xa2 | RMDIR |
0xA3 | SPECTRUM |
0xA4 | PLAY |
0xA5 | RND |
0xA6 | INKEY$ |
0xA7 | PI |
0xA8 | FN |
0xA9 | POINT |
0xAA | SCREEN$ |
0xAB | ATTR |
0xAC | AT |
0xAD | TAB |
0xAE | VAL$ |
0xAF | CODE |
0xB0 | VAL |
0xB1 | LEN |
0xB2 | SIN |
0xB3 | COS |
0xB4 | TAN |
0xB5 | ASN |
0xB6 | ACS |
0xB7 | ATN |
0xB8 | LN |
0xB9 | EXP |
0xBA | INT |
0xBB | SQR |
0xBC | SGN |
0xBD | ABS |
0xBE | PEEK |
0xBF | IN |
0xC0 | USR |
0xC1 | STR$ |
0xC2 | CHR$ |
0xC3 | NOT |
0xC4 | BIN |
0xC5 | OR |
0xC6 | AND |
0xC7 | <= |
0xC8 | >= |
0xC9 | <> |
0xCA | LINE |
0xCB | THEN |
0xCC | TO |
0xCD | STEP |
0xCE | DEF FN |
0xCF | CAT |
0xD0 | FORMAT |
0xD1 | MOVE |
0xD2 | ERASE |
0xD3 | OPEN # |
0xD4 | CLOSE # |
0xD5 | MERGE |
0xD6 | VERIFY |
0xD7 | BEEP |
0xD8 | CIRCLE |
0xD9 | INK |
0xDA | PAPER |
0xDB | FLASH |
0xDC | BRIGHT |
0xDD | INVERSE |
0xDE | OVER |
0xDF | OUT |
0xE0 | LPRINT |
0xE1 | LLIST |
0xE2 | STOP |
0xE3 | READ |
0xE4 | DATA |
0xE5 | RESTORE |
0xE6 | NEW |
0xE7 | BORDER |
0xE8 | CONTINUE |
0xE9 | DIM |
0xEA | REM |
0xEB | FOR |
0xEC | GO TO |
0xED | GO SUB |
0xEE | INPUT |
0xEF | LOAD |
0xF0 | LIST |
0xF1 | LET |
0xF2 | PAUSE |
0xF3 | NEXT |
0xF4 | POKE |
0xF5 | |
0xF6 | PLOT |
0xF7 | RUN |
0xF8 | SAVE |
0xF9 | RANDOMIZE |
0xFA | IF |
0xFB | CLS |
0xFC | DRAW |
0xFD | CLEAR |
0xFE | RETURN |
0xFF | COPY |